Histological, histochemical, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical identification and characterization of the neurosecretory cells of the adult rabbit's adrenal medulla.

The present investigation was conducted on the adrenal glands of 40 adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes to characterize and identify the histological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features of the neurosecretory cells of the adrenal medulla. The obtained specimens of adrenal medulla were subjected to routine histological techniques and then stained with different histological stains, including general, non-specific, specific, and highly specific stains for neurosecretory cells, in addition to immunohistochemical reactions. The obtained results showed two types of adrenal medullary neurosecretory cells containing secretory granules (SGs) of different electron densities: adrenaline and noradrenaline (NA) secreting cells. These secretory granules showed a strong positive reaction to the Grimelius silver impregnation technique. Sections stained with Gomori's chrome alum haematoxylin stain, and the secretory granules showed a strong dark blackish-blue positive colour. The medullary cells showed typical chromaffin reactions when stained by H&E and Giemsa stains after formol dichromate 'Ortha's fluid' fixation. The noradrenaline secretory granules gave a strong positive Schmorl's test, while the adrenaline ones showed a moderate reaction. Immunohistochemically, the adrenal medullary cells were subjected to anti-chromogranin A (CHGA) antibody using the PAP technique, which gave positive reactions.

Histomorphological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopic investigation of the proventriculus (Ventriculus glandularis) of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix).

The current investigation aimed to clarify the histomorphological features, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry of the proventriculus in the adult hooded crow (Corvus cornix). Twenty-two adult birds of both sexes were collected from El-Fayoum and Beni-Suef governorates, Egypt; ten were used for anatomical investigation, two were scanned using SEM, and ten were subjected to routine histological technique. The obtained anatomical results revealed a small-sized spindle-shaped proventriculus obliquely located in the left ventral part of the body cavity with an average body weight, length and diameter of 1.689 ± 0.231 gm, 1.54 ± 0.383cm and 3.51 ± 0.416cm, respectively. The histological examination revealed a typical tubular organ. The mucosa exhibited several plicae and sulci that were lined with simple columnar cells. The lamina propria was composed of collagenous connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes, lymphatic aggregations and tubular glands. The submucosa consisted of collagenic fibres and compound tubuloalveolar glandular lobules lined with oxynticopeptic cells and enteroendocrine cells. The oxynticopeptic cells reacted negatively with PAS and Alcian Blue stains, whereas the ductal cells reacted positively with PAS only. Enteroendocrine cells were seen singly in the lamina epithelialis mucosae and were abundant in submucosal glands. The tunica musclaris was arranged in two layers covered by serosa. The proventricular glands' openings were noticed by SEM as raised tubes with regular circular outlines surrounded by anastomosed microscopic folds. The obtained histomorphological structure of the hooded crow's proventriculus revealed some shared morphological features with most species of birds and some variations that might be attributed to their diet and feeding behaviour.

The Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Hesperidin in Ameliorating Nephrotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Male Wistar Rats.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) and antioxidants opened the way for many effective therapeutic experiments against damaged organs like kidneys. Nephrotoxicity is the main complication of chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of BM-MSCs and hesperidin to treat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Fifty rats were divided into five equal groups of 10 each. Group-I served as a control group, group-II received a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce nephrotoxicity, group-III received a daily dose of hesperidin (40 mg/kg) orally for four weeks, and on the 5th day cisplatin was administered an hour before hesperidin administration. Group-IV consisted of cisplatin-treated rats that were intravenously injected with 1х106 BM-MSCs cells/rat once per week. Group V contained cisplatin-treated rats that received a combination of hesperidin and BM-MSCs with the same dosage regimes. After four weeks, serum and kidney samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Cisplatin administered rats showed deteriorated biochemical parameters and severe degenerative changes in renal tissue. Both single and combined hesperidin and BM-MSCs treatments restored the renal biochemical parameters. Histologically, the renal tissues significantly improved in the BM-MSCs treated group in comparison with the hesperidin treated group. Moreover, combined treatment (i.e., group V) showed complete restoration of the normal architecture in the renal tissue. Our data suggest that the combined treatment of BM-MSCs and hesperidin has a potent renoprotective efficacy against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rather than the single treatment.

Histomorphological, ultrastructural and morphometrical age-related changes of fundic region of New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

This study investigated the histomorphological, ultrastructural and morphometrical postnatal developmental changes in the rabbit fundic region, especially during changing of the feeding intake. Seventy-two New Zealand rabbits (V-Line breed) at the ages of 1, 7, 15, 23, 30 and 60 days were obtained for light and electron microscopy and morphometric studies of the fundic region. The newborn rabbit's fundic wall was thin and organized into mucosa, submucosa, musclosa and serosa, with a significant increase in thickness with ageing. The fundic glands were few at the first week of life, then increased in length and diameter compared to the preceding age with prominent zonation at 23 days. The gastric pits appeared wide and deep at the first week of life then became typically narrow and shallow at the third week. The mucous cells were the main cell types lining the fundic glands in the first week of life. These cells showed remoulding with a marked increase in Periodic Acid-Schiff reactivity with age. Parietal cells were differentiated earlier (on the first day of life) than the chief cells and distributed at the neck and basal zones. Chief cells differentiated at 15 days old at the base of the glands, followed by an increase in the number and activity. Few active enteroendocrine cells were first seen at 15 days old and then widely distributed throughout the glands. Conclusion: Pronounced histomorphological changes in the fundic mucosal layer, especially the surface and glandular epithelium, correlate with the postnatal rabbit-feeding intake changes.

Morphological study of the rabbit gustatory lingual papillae during postnatal life by light and scanning electron microscopy.

This study aimed to investigate the postnatal morphological features of rabbit's lingual gustatory papillae using histological, histochemical, morphometrical and scanning electron microscopical studies. A total of 48 New Zealand rabbits (1, 7, 15, 23, 30, 60 days postnatal) were used as the material. Tongue consisted of an apex, body and root with three types of gustatory papillae fungiform, vallate and foliate. Rounded to oval fungiform papillae were distributed on lingual apex among filiform papillae. Two foliate papillae on lateroposterior side have parallel folia increased progressively in number (14-20) with age advancement. Two oval vallate papillae on lingual root surrounded by annular grooves. Histologically, the gustatory papillary epithelium was thin at birth then increased in stratification and cornification from third to fourth week. Vallate and foliate grooves were shallow in newborns then grew deeply by desquamation of their lining epithelium which completely opened and connected with lingual excretory ducts at 23 days. Developing serous von Ebner's glands appeared at 23 days and became lobulated form 1-2 months. They gave a negative reaction with Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian blue stain, while mucous Weber's glands showed Alcian blue positive reaction. Taste buds were firstly seen at 15 days old, increased in number and size and became mature with taste pores from third to fourth week. They distributed dorsally on fungiform and on lateral sides of vallate and foliate. This structural adaptation and maturity of gustatory papillae to meet the functional demands of food ingestion during the transition from suckling to dry matter feeding.